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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualam | om kual |
| 2SG: | kualat | ot kual |
| 3SG: | kualeš | ok/ogeš kual |
| 1PL: | kualə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kual |
| 2PL: | kualə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kual |
| 3PL: | kualə̑t | ogə̑t kual |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kual'ə̑m | šə̑m kual |
| 2SG: | kual'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kual |
| 3SG: | kual'e | ə̑š kual |
| 1PL: | kualna | ə̑šna kual |
| 2PL: | kualda | ə̑šda kual |
| 3PL: | kual'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kual |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualə̑nam | kualə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kualə̑nat | kualə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kualə̑n | kualə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kualə̑nna | kualə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kualə̑nda | kualə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kualə̑nə̑t | kualə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualam ə̑l'e | om kual ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kualat ə̑l'e | ot kual ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kualeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kual ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kualə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kual ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kualə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kual ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kualə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kual ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualam ulmaš | om kual ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kualat ulmaš | ot kual ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kualeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kual ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kualə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kual ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kualə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kual ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kualə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kual ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualə̑nam ə̑l'e | kualə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kualə̑nat ə̑l'e | kualə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kualə̑n ə̑l'e | kualə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kualə̑nna ə̑l'e | kualə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kualə̑nda ə̑l'e | kualə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kualə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kualə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualə̑nam ulmaš | kualə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kualə̑nat ulmaš | kualə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kualə̑n ulmaš | kualə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kualə̑nna ulmaš | kualə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kualə̑nda ulmaš | kualə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kualə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kualə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kual | it kual |
| 3SG: | kualže | ə̑nže kual |
| 1PL: | (kualə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kual) |
| 2PL: | kualza | ida kual |
| 3PL: | kualə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kual |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualnem | ə̑nem kual |
| 2SG: | kualnet | ə̑net kual |
| 3SG: | kualneže | ə̑než kual |
| 1PL: | kualnena | ə̑nena kual |
| 2PL: | kualneda | ə̑neda kual |
| 3PL: | kualnešt | ə̑nešt kual |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kual ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kualnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kual ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kualneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kual ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kualnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kual ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kualneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kual ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kualnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kual ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kualnet ulmaš | ə̑net kual ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kualneže ulmaš | ə̑než kual ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kualneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kual ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kualnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kual ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kualaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kualman |
| Active participle: | kualše |
| Passive participle: | kualme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kualšaš |
| Negative participle: | kualdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kualə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kualde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kualmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kualmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kualšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kualmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kualdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||